Spacetime and the Standard Model from octonion algebra. SU(3) confinement from G2 gauge symmetry. One of the 18 remaining gaps is the $1M Clay Millennium Prize.
#2
fermat
Fermat's Last Theorem. 362 years. Full Wiles chain. 9 open.
2,776
#3
zfc
Cantor, Godel, Turing, Rice, Russell, Tarski — one theorem.
474
4
npnep
MCSP not in AC0. Switching lemma + NW-PRG. 9 open.